Rubidium

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Rubidium

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Orbitals and Energies #

Note – these are listed in BINDING ENERGY

 

Rb 3s ≈ 322 eV

Rb 3p ≈ 239 eV

Rb 3d ≈ 112 eV

XPS of RbCl with Rb peak maarkers

Doublet Separations #

Rb 3d = 1.48 eV

Rb 3p = 9.6 eV

 

XPS of Rb 3d with doublet separation

Common Overlaps for Rb 3d #

Te 4p – Ce 4d – Be 1s – Tl 4f – Au 5s – Cd 4s – Al 2s Ni 3s

 

XPS of Rb 3d with Overlapping Peak Markers

Auger Energies #

Note – these are listed in KINETIC ENERGY

 

Rb MNN ≈ 75 eV

Common Binding Energies – Rb 3d #

Species #

B.E. / eV #

Charge Ref #

Reference #

Rb Metal

112

Unknown

RbF

109.8

C 1s (285 eV)

RbCl

109.9

C 1s (285 eV)

RbBr

110.1

C 1s (285 eV)

RbI

110.4

C 1s (285 eV)

RbClO4

110.6

C 1s (285 eV)

Rb3PO4

110.2

C 1s (285 eV)

Rb4P2O7

110.2

C 1s (285 eV)

Theory and Background #

Rubidium is known to exhibit some Coster-Kronig transitions, however these all exist in the L-shell and should not impact analysis unless specifically looking at higher energy orbitals using HAXPES.

Experimental Advice #

Rubidium deposited onto material surfaces to study alkali behaviour may potentially desorb under radiative stimuli (i.e. light), which is dependant on energy. Care should be taken to avoid excessive exposure to such sources.(3)

Rubidium is highly reactive, and can form compounds with chamber gases, even under ultra-high vacuum.

Data Analysis Guidance #

Rubidium has a relatively small doublet separation, so fitting multiple state of overlapping species requires high quality spectra.

Reference Datasets #

 

Coming soon

References #

  1. Ebbinghaus, G., and A. Simon. “Electronics structures of Rb, Cs and some of their metallic oxides studied by photoelectron spectroscopy.” Chemical Physics 43.1 (1979): 117-133. Read it online here.
  2. Morgan, Wayne E., John R. Van Wazer, and Wojciech J. Stec. “Inner-orbital photoelectron spectroscopy of the alkali metal halides, perchlorates, phosphates, and pyrophosphates.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 95.3 (1973): 751-755. Read it online here.