Orbitals and Energies #
Note – these are listed in BINDING ENERGY
Rh 3d ≈ 307 eV
Rh 3s ≈ 627 eV
Rh 3p ≈ 496 eV
Rh 4s ≈ 81 eV
Rh 4p ≈ 48 eV
Common Overlaps for Rh 3d #
Pt 4d – Ir 4d – Y 3p – Tb 4f – Ra 4f – Ho 4p – Pr 4s – Mg KLL (Al Ka X-rays)
Theory and Background #
Analysis of Rhodium is typically performed on the Rh 3d peaks. There is a slight broadening of the 3d3/2 peak due to Coster-Kronig broadening.
Experimental Advice #
Rh 3d will not overlap with C 1s features directly, however it may be beneficial to record the entire region in one sweep, to ensure appropriate background models are fit to the data, and possibly save time.
Data Analysis Guidance #
As described above, due to CK broadening, ensure peak FWHM are not locked when fitting doublets.
References #
- Abe, Yoshio, et al. “Rhodium and rhodium oxide thin films characterized by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 8.2 (2001): 117-125. Read it online here.
- Contour, J. P., et al. “X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy of Pt Rh gauzes used for catalytic oxidation of ammonia.” Journal of catalysis 48.1-3 (1977): 217-228. Read it online here.
- Gol’dshleger, Nataliya F., et al. “Selective rhodium-containing zeolite catalysts for cyclodimerization of bicyclo [2.2. 1] hepta-2, 5-diene.” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 106.1-2 (1996): 159-168. Read it online here.
- Givens, K. E., and J. G. Dillard. “Hydrodesulfurization of thiophene using rhodium (III) zeolites: 13X and ZSM-5.” Journal of Catalysis 86.1 (1984): 108-120. Read it online here.
- Gysling, H. J., J. R. Monnier, and G. Apai. “Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of LaRhO3.” Journal of Catalysis 103.2 (1987): 407-418. Read it online here.
