
Magnesium #
Orbitals and Energies #
Note – these are listed in BINDING ENERGY
Mg 1s ≈ 1305 eV
Mg 2s ≈ 90 eV
Mg 2p ≈ 52 eV
Doublet Separations #
Mg 2p = 1.2 eV
Common Overlaps for Mg 2p #
Au 5p – Rh 4p – I 4d – Os 4f – Pd 4p – Pt 5p – Ho 5s – Zr 4s – Tm 5s – Sc 3s
Theory and Background #
Magnesium does not exhibit any atypical properties in it’s XP spectra.
Magnesium metal exhibits strong plasmon peaks.
Experimental Advice #
Magnesium is often analysed by either the Mg 1s, or Mg 2p regions, giving easy access to very surface sensitive (Mg 1s), and deeper (Mg 2p), photoelectrons.
If using Al ka X-rays, an extended C 1s region may be helpful in correct assignment of higher energy C 1s species due to the large overlap of C 1s with Mg KLL.
Data Analysis Guidance #
Mg 2p has a very small doublet separation, to the point that it is not uncommon for analysts to use a single peak to describe the doublet state.
References #
- Jérôme, Robert, et al. “Surface analysis of polymers end-capped with metal carboxylates using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.” Applied surface science 27.1 (1986): 93-105. Read it online here.
- Wagner, C. D. “Studies of the charging of insulators in ESCA.” Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 18.3 (1980): 345-349. Read it online here.
- Haider, N. C., J. Alonso Jr, and W. E. Swartz Jr. “Valence and core electron spectra of Mg in MgO in evoporated thin films.” Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 30.11 (1975): 1485-1490. Read it online here.






