Doublet Separations #

Lu 4d = 10 eV

Lu 4p = 53.3 eV

Lu 5p = 7 eV

Lu 4f = 1.45 eV

Common Overlaps for Lu 4d #

Cl 2p – La 4p – Ba 4p – At 5s – Yb 4d – Ra 5p – As 3s – Nb 3d – La 4p – Ce 4p

Auger Energies #

Note – these are listed in KINETIC ENERGY

No data

Common Binding Energies – Lu 4d #

Theory and Background #

Lu³⁺ has 4f¹⁴ (fully filled) and no open 4f shell → no multiplet structure from 3d–4f exchange. As a result, the Lu 3d spectra consist mainly of two spin–orbit components (3d₅/₂ and 3d₃/₂) with relatively simple line shapes. This makes Lu one of the cleanest lanthanides for XPS reference work.

Unlike Eu, Tb, or Ce, Lu shows very weak or absent multiplet/charge-transfer satellites because the 4f shell is closed. You may still see weak energy-loss features (plasmon satellites, inelastic tails), but not strong intrinsic multiplet satellites.

Experimental Advice #

Lu metal oxidises in air to Lu₂O₃. Oxidation is slower than Eu/Tb, but surfaces are rarely pristine metal unless prepared in situ. Lu compounds are stable, non-radioactive, and safe to handle with standard lab precautions. Because Lu³⁺ is chemically stable and not strongly mixed-valent, beam-induced reduction is less of an issue than for Eu or Tb. Still, monitor for changes during long acquisitions.

Data Analysis Guidance #

The Lu 3d region can often be modelled with just two spin–orbit peaks (3d₅/₂ and 3d₃/₂). Use symmetric Voigt functions (Gaussian–Lorentzian).

For metallic Lu, a slight asymmetry may be justified. Weak inelastic loss features may appear a few eV above the main lines. Include only if visible; do not overfit.

Reference Datasets #

Coming soon

References #