Doublet Separations #

Sb 4d = 1.25 eV

Sb 3d = 9.35 eV

Sb 3p = 46.3 eV

Common Overlaps for Sb 3d #

O 1s – Re 4p – Pt 4p – V 2p – Rh 3p – Pd 3p – Hf 4s – Au 4p – Dy LMM (Al Ka X-rays)

Auger Energies #

Note – these are listed in KINETIC ENERGY

Sb LMM ≈ 450 eV

Common Binding Energies – Cu 2p #

Theory and Background #

Antimony exhibits a classic spin-orbit doublet, with no extraordinary concerns regarding photoemission.

Experimental Advice #

Antimony systems are not known to interact in any significant way with experimental conditions during XPS analysis.

Care should be taken to record both the 3d 5/2 and the 3d 3/2 peaks when obtaining data for antimony based systems, since the 3/2 emissions will be vital in proper data handling of the 5/2 emission due to overlap with the O 1s feature.

Data Analysis Guidance #

Sb metal exhibits a modicum of asymmetry, for example – the clean Sb metal surface below may be fit with an LF(0.65,0.69,60,100,10) lineshape with the appropriate background. Important to note also, is the shake-up structure appearing at ~544 eV. The data below is available online via work from HarwellXPS technical director Dr. David Morgan at Surface Science Spectra.

Fitting of the overlapping (with O 1s) Sb 3d 5/2 peak is made easier through using the unaffected 3d 3/2 peak. Peak constraints may be used to fix the overlapping peak to the ‘free’ peak, particularly important in the case of multiple Sb states.

Reference Datasets #

Coming soon

References #