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Vanadium

  • Created July 22, 2020
  • Author Mark Isaacs
  • Category Elements

Analysis of Vanadium by XPS is typically performed on the V 2p region, which overlaps very slightly with the O 1s region, slightly complicating analysis (Figure 1), though provided an extended region is acquired, collecting both V 2p peaks and the O 1s region then background application and peak fitting may be fairly trivial. The doublet separation varies with chemical state, and is around 7.5 eV.

Figure 1: XPS spectra of V2O5(1)

As with most first row TMs, the 2p1/2 peak exhibits a larger FWHM than that of the 2p3/2 due to Coster-Kronig processes.

Some common binding energies may be found in table 1.

SpeciesBinding energy / eVCharge RefRef
V metal512.7Cu 2p / 932.3 eV2
V2O3515.15O 1s / 530 eV3
VO2515.65O 1s / 530 eV3
V2O5517O 1s / 529.8 eV3
V6O13516.5O 1s / 530 eV3
V3O5515.5C 1s / 285 eV4
V4O7516C 1s / 285 eV4
Table 1: Common binding energies for V species

References

  1. Spectra recorded by HarwellXPS
  2. Kasperkiewicz, J., et al. (1983). “XPS studies of vanadium and vanadium oxides.” Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 32(2): 123-132. Read it online here.
  3. Mendialdua, J., et al. (1995). “XPS studies of V2O5, V6O13, VO2 and V2O3.” Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 71(3): 249-261. Read it online here.
  4. Demeter, M., et al. (2000). “Mixed-valence vanadium oxides studied by XPS.” Surface science 454: 41-44. Read it online here.

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