Chlorine

Chlorine XPS analysis very straightforward and is typically performed on the 2p region where overlaps are restricted to the Se LMM auger and As 3s photoemission.

Cl 2p peaks have a doublet separation of 1.6 eV.

Figure 1: Cl 2p from single crystal NaCl(1)

 

Figure 2: Typical Cl 2p spectrum (yellow – metal chloride, green – organic Cl)1

Some reference binding energies for a variety of common chlorine containing compounds can be found in table 1.

Species Binding energy / eV Charge Ref Ref
CH-Cl (PVC) 200.1 C 1s (285.1 eV) 2
NaClO4 208.9 C 1s (284.8 eV) 3
MgCl2 198.5 C 1s (285 eV) 4
TiCl4 198 Au 4f (83.8 eV) 5
AgCl2 197.8 Ag 3d (368.2 eV) / Ag(111) EF 6
CuCl2 198.9 C 1s (284.6 eV) 7
CuCl 198.8 C 1s (284.5 eV) 8
SrCl2 198.9 C 1s (284.6 eV) 9
PdCl2 198.9 C 1s (284.8 eV) 10
NaCl 198.7 C 1s (284.8 eV) 11
NaClO3 206.4 C 1s (284.8 eV) 12
NaClO2 204.7 C 1s (284.8 eV) 13
Table 1: Typical Binding energies for Chlorine 2p

References

  1. Spectrum recorded by HarwellXPS
  2. Lannon Jr, J. M. and Q. Meng (1999). “Analysis of a Filled Poly (vinyl chloride) Polymer by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 6(2): 131-136. Read it online here.
  3. Beard, B. C. (1993). “Sodium salts of chlorine oxyacid anions, Cl (+ 7), perchlorate, XPS comparison spectra.” Surface Science Spectra 2(2): 97-103. Read it online here.
  4. Garbassi, F. and L. Pozzi (1979). “Electron beam effects on hydrated magnesium chloride revealed by XPS.” Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 16(2): 199-203. Read it online here.
  5. Mousty‐Desbuquoit, C., et al. (1983). “Solid state effects in the electronic structure of TiCl4 studied by XPS.” The Journal of chemical physics 79(1): 26-32. Read it online here.
  6. Piao, H., et al. (2004). “A temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TPXPS) study of chlorine adsorption and diffusion on Ag (1 1 1).” Surface science 557(1-3): 13-20. Read it online here.
  7. Vasquez, R. P. (1993). “CuCl2 by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 2(2): 160-164. Read it online here.
  8. Vasquez, R. P. (1993). “CuCl by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 2(2): 138-143. Read it online here.
  9. Vasquez, R. P. (1992). “SrCl2 by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 1(1): 68-74. Read it online here.
  10. Militello, M. C. and S. J. Simko (1994). “Palladium chloride (PdCl2) by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 3(4): 402-409. Read it online here.
  11. Beard, B. C. (1993). “Fresh cleaved single crystal NaCl, XPS spectra, Al source.” Surface Science Spectra 2(2): 91-96. Read it online here.
  12. Beard, B. C. (1993). “Sodium Salts of Chlorine Oxyacid Anions, Cl (+ 5), Chlorate, XPS Comparison Spectra.” Surface Science Spectra 2(1): 26-30. Read it online here.
  13. Beard, B. C. (1993). “Sodium Salts of Chlorine Oxyacid Anions, Cl (+ 3), Chlorite, XPS Comparison Spectra.” Surface Science Spectra 2(1): 20-25. Read it online here.
Created: June 1, 2020