XPS analysis of phosphorous is typically performed on the P 2p region which may overlap with the Sr 3d peaks and with the Zn 3s peak if the phosphorous has a high oxidation state. The doublet separation of P 2p is 0.86 eV.
There exists a relatively sizable energy separation between phosphorous states of varying oxidation, permitting relatively trivial deconvolution. Table 1 presents a range of binding energies for common phosphorous species.
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref. | Ref. |
| P (black) | 130.06 | Au 4f / 83.95 eV | 2 |
| P2O5 | 135 | C 1s / 284.6 eV | 3 |
| GaP | 128.3 | Au 4f / 83.95 eV | 4 |
References
- Data acquired by HarwellXPS
- Edmonds, M. T., et al. (2015). “Creating a stable oxide at the surface of black phosphorus.” ACS applied materials & interfaces 7(27): 14557-14562. Read it online here.
- Wang, Y. and P. M. Sherwood (2002). “Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 9(1): 159-165. Read it online here.
- Liu, K., et al. (2004). “Surface analysis of (NH2) 2CS‐treated GaP (001) by AES and XPS.” Surface and Interface Analysis: An International Journal devoted to the development and application of techniques for the analysis of surfaces, interfaces and thin films 36(8): 966-968. Read it online here.
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